EXPORT OF LABOR RESOURCES FROM KYRGYZSTAN: TENDENCIES AND CONSEQUENCES
Abstract
The article discusses contemporary tendencies in the export of labor resources from Kyrgyzstan. The issue of seeking employment abroad remains topical for a significant share of the country’s population due to the complicated socio-economic situation and high levels of unemployment and poverty. The major vectors of labor resource export are researched; in recent years, citizens of Kyrgyzstan have increasingly sought employment in Kazakhstan, Turkey, Romania, and South Korea.
An assessment of factors that define the Russian Federation as the key receiving country is provided. Most of those working abroad continue to choose Russia, despite the increase in the share of the younger generation that often considers other countries. Young men aged 20-29 with completed high school education currently predominate in the labor migrant flow.
The presence of cultural and historic ties, along with tight transport connectivity, has established the framework for the development of close economic relations, including issues related to the export and import of labor resources. The widespread use of the Russian language in the Kyrgyz Republic allows for significant competitive advantages when obtaining employment in various spheres of the Russian economy.
An analysis of the structure and number of workers, their distribution across Russian regions, and employment spheres is conducted. A clear eastern vector is apparent in the migration of Kyrgyz citizens to Siberia, the Urals, and the Russian Far East, despite a significant share of workers still being concentrated in the major cities of the European part of Russia. The share of migrants from the Kyrgyz Republic among the working population is currently higher beyond the Ural Mountains, indicating that the Kyrgyz labor force is becoming increasingly needed specifically in the eastern part of Russia.
The contribution of labor migration to the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation at national and regional levels is studied. Employment opportunities available to Kyrgyz Republic citizens are described. The process of establishing ethnic Kyrgyz community organizations and their influence on the quality of life and labor conditions, as well as on the growth of the number of migrant workers from the Kyrgyz Republic, is discussed.
The Kyrgyz Republic’s problems related to labor resource export are analyzed. The outflow of the able-bodied population with active life potential leads to noticeable degradation of the country’s social system. Opportunities for the subsequent development of the Kyrgyz Republic’s economy are brought to light.
Downloads
References
See: The State Migration Service under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, available in Russian at [http://ssm.
ov.kg], 5 September, 2018.
See: The Main Directorate for Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, available in Russian at [https://pda.guvm.mvd.ru/], 28 August, 2018.
See: The Russian Federal State Statistics Service, available in Russian at [http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/ros-stat_main/ rosstat/ru/statistics/accounts], 5 September, 2018.
See: The Main Directorate for Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
See: Ibidem.
See: The National Statistics Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic, available in Russian at [http://www.stat.kg/ru/statis-tics/], 5 September, 2018.
See: The State Migration Service under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic.
See: The Main Directorate for Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
See: The Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Selective Federal Statistical Study of Migrant Labor [http://www.
ks.ru/free_doc/new_site/imigr/index.html], 22 September, 2018.
See: The National Statistics Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic.
E. Pismennaia, S. Ryazantsev, V. Bozhenko, “Central Asian Diasporas in the Russian Federation: Migration Channels and their Contribution to the Socioeconomic Development of the Sending Communities,” Central Asia and the Caucasus, Tom 17, Issue 4, 2016, pp. 87-95.
Migration and Remittances Fact Book 2018, 3rd Edition, The World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2018, pp. 149-238.
S.V. Ryazantsev, E.S. Krasinets, “Sovremennye tendentsii i ekonomicheskie effekty trudovoi migratsii iz Tsentralnoi Azii v Rossiiu,” Nauchnoe obozrenie, Series 1: Ekonomika i pravo, No. 5, 2016, pp. 5-14.
P. Martin, The Economic Contribution of Migrant Workers to Thailand: Towards Policy Development, International Labor Of¿ce, Bangkok, 2007, 32 pp.
S.V. Ryazantsev, “Vklad trudovoi migratsii v ekonomiku Rossii: metody otsenki i rezultaty,” Humanities. Bulletin of the Financial University, No. 2 (22), 2016, pp. 16-28.
S.V. Ryazantsev, “Nedokumentirovannaia trudovaia migratsiia v rossiiskoi ekonomike,” Bulletin of the Tyumen State University. Socio-Economic and Law Studies, No. 1, 2015, pp. 24-33.
S. Ryazantsev, “Integratsia migrantov v kontekste vneshnei integratsionnoi politiki Rossii,” Sotsiologicheskie issle-dovaniia, No. 1, 2018, pp. 105-111.
See: The Main Directorate for Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
