ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS IN CENTRAL ASIA: FACTORS, INTERDEPENDENCE, AND INTEGRATION PROBLEMS
Keywords:
Central Asia, regional transportation system, alternative transportation corridors, international transportation projects, diversification of transportation routes, transportation interdependence, national transportation policy.Abstract
This article examines the problems of integrating the Central Asian states into the transportation and communication sphere, as well as the factors influencing this process. It analyzes the trends in building alternative transportation corridors and reveals their development advantages and prospects.
It presents a comparative year-by year analysis of the changes in the interdependence of the transportation sectors of the region’s states.
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See: “Rail Branches with a Transnational Trunk Line from China to Europe,” available in Russian at [http://www.
okmak.kg/nevkg/akonomkg/5307-zheleznodorozhnye-vetki-s-transnacionalnoj.html], 12 January, 2010.
This highway passes through the following cities: St. Petersburg-Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod-Kazan-Orenburg (RF)-Aktobe-Kyzylorda-Shymkent-Taraz-Kordai-Almaty-Khorgos (RK)-Urumqi-Lanzhou-Zhengzhou-Lianyungang (PRC). It is 8,455 km long, 2,233 km of which pass through the RF, 2,787 km through Kazakhstan, and 3,425 km through the PRC.
[http://www.12news.uz/news/2013/11/30/].
The total length of the route is 934.5 km, 130 km through Kazakhstan, 722.5 km through Turkmenistan, and 82 km through Iran. This railroad will make it possible to optimize the movement of petroleum products from the Caspian Basin to the countries of the Middle East and reduce the journey length by more than 600 km and travel time by two days compared to the existing route. The carrying capacity of the railroad amounts to 400,000 passengers and 10 million tonnes of freight a year.
The route is a total of 4,192 km with an estimated travel time of 12 days. The project presumes implementing new infrastructure facilities: a straightened Zhezkazgan-Beyneu (Kazakhstan) railroad, Aliat international sea port (Azerbaijan),Baku-Tbilisi-Kars (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey) railroad, and a project for the Marmara railroad tunnel line (Turkey).
The length of the route amounts to around 640 km, the Tajik section is 50 km, the Turkmen section is 90 km, and the Afghan section is 500 km long.
The new electrified Angren-Pap railroad route will pass through the Kamchik Pass at more than 2,200 meters above sea level.
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