KYRGYZSTAN: POLITICAL HISTORY OF TWO DECADES OF INDEPENDENCE
Abstract
For over twenty years now the Soviet-successor states have been building new statehoods in the territory that used to be the Soviet Union; not all of them have been equally successful, but each has hastened to declare its devotion to democratic ideals and principles. During the first ten years of its independence Kyrgyzstan looked like a Central Asian “island of democracy”; since that time, however, the country has lived through two regime changes accompanied by the use of force, bloodshed, and mass disturbances. Below is a summary of the country’s political experience during the two decades of its independence.
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See: Ethnic Nationalism and Regional Conflict. The Former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, ed. by W.R. Duncan,G.P. Holman, Jr., Westview Press, Boulder, 1994, p. 125.
Political scientists prefer to avoid the subject of American-Chinese contradictions and rivalry in Central Asia, how-ever we must accept the fact that contradictions between the two largest powers of our time—the capitalist United States and the socialist People’s Republic of China—came to the fore once Russia retreated to the periphery of world politics. This is fully confirmed by what R. Bernstein and R. Munro have written about “the statements made by Chinese officials (prom-inent military and foreign policy analysts as well as members of the C.C. C.P.C. and civilian analytical centers) in closed-door sessions” held in Beijing in November-December, 1993 and which “were echoed in the press.” For eleven days the brain tank discussed Chinese strategy in relation to the U.S. and the rest of the world. The final report said in particular: “From the present stage to the beginning of the next century, the major target of American hegemonism and power politics is China.
ts strategy toward China is, through economic activities and trade, to control and sanction China and force China to change the course of its ideology and make it incline toward the West; to take advantage of exchanges and propaganda to infiltrate ideology into China’s upper strata; to give financial assistance to hostile forces both inside and outside Chinese territory and wait for the opportune moment to stir up turbulence … to fabricate the theory of a China threat toward neighboring Asian countries so as to sow dissension between China and countries like India, Indonesia, and Malaysia; and to manipulate Ja-pan and South Korea to follow American strategy toward China” (R. Bernstein, R. Munro, The Coming Conflict with China, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1997, pp. 46-47).
Akaev Askar Akaevich, byvsh. Prezident Kyrgyzstana, Federal Investigation Agency, available at [http://www.flb.ru/persprint/518.html], p. 4.
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Filosofia obshchego dela. Statyi, mysli i pisma Nikolaya Fedorovicha Fedorova, ed. by V.A. Kozhevnikov, N.P. Pe-terson, Vol. I, Verny. Tipografia Semirechenskogo Oblastnogo Pravlenia, 1906, p. 656.
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