The Challenges of Indonesian Foreign and Security Policies towards the emergence of Asean Security Community (ASC)
Abstract
ASEAN has grown and developed into an established model of regional cooperation after the European Union. Ironically, this only lasted until 1997, because since the 1998 economic crisis hit various countries, ASEAN began to show its weaknesses. Internal conflicts in member countries occur, thus requiring efforts to consolidate and reinvigorate regional cooperation which will further ensure the return of joint commitments after more than decades.
On the other hand, when referring to the official ASEAN document in the Declaration of ASEAN Concord II (Bali Concord II), adopted from the 9th ASEAN Summit in October 2003, Indonesia, which first proposed the ASC (ASEAN Security Community) concept, has presented a concept paper entitled “Towards ASEAN Security Community”, which places a strong emphasis on democracy and the human rights agenda which are the two main substances in the construction of the ASEAN Security Community.
There are two types of challenges that are still being faced by ASEAN member countries. The first is traditional challenges such as border disputes, and the second is non-traditional challenges that are transnational in nature, such as terrorism, human rights and democracy enforcement, narcotics, piracy, human trafficking, money laundering, illegal logging and natural disasters. Based on this background, the formulation of the problem in this research is on how is Indonesia's foreign policy and security policy implementation in the process of transforming the ASEAN Security Community format into an ASEAN Political Security and Community (APSC). This research focused on the challenges of the implementation of Indonesian foreign and security policies towards the process of the transformation period.
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