THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND THE ECONOMIC COOPERATION ORGANIZATION: RESENT STATE AND FUTURE COOPERATION
Abstract
The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) was established in 1985 by Iran, Turkey, and Pakistan for the purpose of promoting multi-dimensional regional cooperation and creating conditions for sustainable socioeconomic growth in its Member States. In 1992, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan became members of ECO, thus turning it into a major regional structure with immense economic potential. With a total territory of almost 7 million sq. km, a population of more than 350 million, vast supplies of raw minerals and various other natural resources, and a high transport-transit potential, this Organization has the necessary prerequisites for dynamic economic interaction among its Member States.
The ECO’s main tasks include creating conditions for promoting advanced socioeconomic development in its Member States, enhancing the consistent and gradual integration of their economies into the global economic system, and encouraging active regional cooperation and mutual assistance in technical, scientific, and other spheres. In order to carry out these tasks, ECO formed the following multi-dimensional organizational structure of regional cooperation coordination and management. Its specialized agencies and regional institutions are the ECO Cultural Institute, ECO Educational Institute, ECO Science Foundation; ECO Shipping Company, ECO Air, ECO Chamber of Commerce and Industry, ECO Reinsurance Company, ECO Trade & Development Bank, and ECO Consultancy & Engineering Company.1 This structure defines the main vectors of ECO cooperation, which include: foreign trade; the fuel and energy sphere; transportation and communication; industry and agriculture; and the social sphere, consisting of public health, education, and science.
In order to promote diverse and multifaceted cooperation among ECO Member States, an extensive contractual-legal base has been drawn up, consisting of more than 60 declarations, treaties, agreements, charters, protocols, and memorandums. They include five charters; about 20 economic documents; ten on the establishment of ECO institutions, and 24 on cooperation with international and regional organizations. At the 9th Summit held in May 2006, a conceptual document called ECO Development Prospects Until 2015 was adopted that reflects the main priorities for developing multilateral integration cooperation.
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[http://ecosecretariat.org/Detail_info/principalfunc_ECO_Organs.htm#GS].
See: K. Tokaev, Pod stiagom nezavisimosti, Bilim, Almaty, 1997, p. 686.
[http://ca-c.org/journal/cac-03-1999/st_07_chebotar.shtml].
See: “Kazakhstan Reaffirms Support for ECO,” ECO Bulletin, Secretariat, Tehran, July 2001, p. 4.
[http://ecoindustry.ru/news.html&id=9499].
See: K. Tokaev, op. cit., p. 680.
“ECO Secretary General’s Call on Kazakhstan’s President,” ECO Bulletin, Secretariat, Tehran, July 2001, p. 1.
See: M. Naribaev, Stanovlenie, razvitie i povyshenie vneshneekonomicheskoi deiatel’nosti Kazakhstana, Turkistan,2005, p. 85.
See: Ibid., pp. 81-83.
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