THE TURKISH ARMED FORCES DURING TRANSFORMATION AND MODERNIZATION: STRATEGIES AND TRENDS

Authors

  • Levon OVSEPIAN Ph.D. (Hist.), Research Fellow at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the National Academy of Sciences,Republic of Armenia (Erevan, Armenia) Author

Keywords:

Turkey, NATO, armed forces, war industry, modernization, strategy, security.

Abstract

This article examines the general trends in the modernization strategy of Turkey’s defense sector after the end of the Cold War, which, in addition to everything else, envisages the need for extensive renewal of the army. It pays particular attention to the role of Turkey’s military and industrial complex in modernizing the country’s armed forces, the main trends of which are identified on the basis of an analysis of official figures and indices. Modernization of the army and development of the military-industrial complex are largely aimed at meeting Turkey’s geopolitical ambitions to become a more influential force in the region. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Quoted from: A. Balcı, 1990 sonrası Türk Dış Politikası Üzerine Bazı Notlar: Avrupa Birliği ve Kıbrıs Örneği,Türkiyenin Değişen Dış Politikası, ed. by C. Yenigül, E. Efegil, Nobel yayın, Ankara, 2010, S. 92.

Quoted from: U. Cizre-Sakallioğlu, “The Military and Politics: A Turkish Dilemma,” in: Armed Forces in the Middle East: Politics and Strategy, ed. by B.M. Rubin, T.A. Keaney, Frank Cass Publishers, 2002, p. 191.

N. Uslu, Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Period, Nova Publishers, New York, 2004, p. 3.

I.O. Lesser, Bridge or Barrier? Turkey and the West after the Cold War, Prepared for the United States Air Force and the United States Army, RAND, 1992, p. 30.

See: B. Yeşilada, Turkish Foreign Policy toward the Middle East, Political and Socioeconomic Transformation of Turkey, ed. by A. Eralp, M. Tünay, B. Yeşilada, Praeger Publisher, Westport, 1993, p. 182.

See: S. Minasian, “Armed Forces of the Turkish Republic. Turkey: Security and Defense Problems,” Institute of Political Research, Analytical Notes, Iss. 1, Erevan, 2007, pp. 57-58 (in Armenian).

See: E. Hen-Tov, “The Political Economy of Turkish Military Modernization,” Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 4, December 2004, p. 50.

E. Tatli, “Turkey Turns Cold to European Defense: Implications for Western Security,” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Watch, No. 1376, 2 June, 2008, p. 1.

See: S. Minasian, op. cit.

See: I.O. Lesser, op. cit, pp. 30-31.

See: S. Yılmaz, “Dünya Ordularındaki Değişim ve Türk Ordusunun Profesyonelleşmesi,” S. 6, available at [http://

rkam.aydin.edu.tr/ORDUNUNPROFESYONELLESMESI(3a4b).pdf].

See: N. Uslu, op. cit., p. 125.

See: G. Günlük-Şenesen, “Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri’nin Modernizasyon Programının Bir Değerlendirmesi,” in: F. Sön-mezoğlu, Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi, DER yayınları, Istanbul, 2001, S. 586.

See: K. Kirisci, “Post Cold-War Turkish Security and the Middle East,” Middle East Review of International Affairs,Vol. 1, No. 2, July 1997, available at [http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1997/issue2/jv1n2a6.html].

See: G. Günlük-Şenesen, op. cit., S. 586.

See: “Turkey to Pursue Military Modernization despite Reduced Threat,” Defense Daily, 31 July, 1990.

See: Türk Dış Politikası, Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar, ed. by B. Oran, Cilt 2 (1980-2001), Iletişim yayınları, Istanbul, 2002, S. 207; “Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe,” available at [http://www.

sce.org/library/14087].

According to the data of the Turkish newspaper Zaman, Ahmet Necip Boynuegri, who worked for long years as an engineer at the Turkish Department of the Defense Industry in the second half of the 1990s, filed a claim in Turkish court for a case to be examined on arming the army, accusing Chief of General Staff Hüseyn Kivrikoğlu, Second Chief of General Staff Çevik Bir, and others, of arbitrary interference in armament issues and projects. The envelope presented in court contained a statement saying that, in order to ensure the $150-billion plan did not fail, General Çevik Bir, demonstrating arbitrariness,interfered in the implementation of several military projects (see: A. Dönmez, “28 Şubat’ın askerî ihaleleri Anayasa Mahkemesi’nd,” Zaman, 11 October, 2011).

See: W.J. Durch, Constructing Regional Security: The Role of Arms Transfers, Arms Control, and Reassurance, The Century Foundation Inc., PALGRAVE, 2000, p. 111.

See: “Makina Imalat Sanayii Özel Ihtisas Komisyonu Raporu,” Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı, Ankara, 2000,

available at [http://ekutup.dpt.gov.tr/imalatsa/makina/I oik552.pdf]; E. Ipekesen, “Yeni savunma sanayi profile,” available at [http://www.tempodergisi.com.tr/kose/erdal_ipekesen/05665/].

See: A. Kosikov, “Voenno-politicheskiy potentsial Turtsii,” Vostokovedny sbornik, Iss. 2, Moscow, 2001, pp. 212-217.

See: “Savunma Sanayii Müsteşarlığı Stratejik Plan 2007-2011,” available at [http://www.ssm.gov.tr].

See: Sabah, 26 March 2012.

Quoted from: N. Uslu, op. cit., pp. 125-126.

See: A. Aivazian, “Armenia’s Defense Doctrine,” in: Strategy and Security Issues, ed. by A. Aivazian, Airenatirution Series, Second Edition, Ararat Strategic Center, Erevan, 2007, p. 156 (in Armenian). In 1997-1998, Hüseyn Kivrikoğlu served as Commander of the Land Forces; in 1998-2002, he served as Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces.

See: Ibidem.

See: M.R. Hickok, “Hegemon Rising: The Gap between Turkish Strategy and Military Modernization,” US Army

War College, Parameters, Summer 2000, available at [http://www.carlisle.army.mil/USAWC/parameters/Articles/00summer/

ickok.htm].

A. Külebi, “Türkiye’nin Askeri Stratejisi, Gücü ve Geleceği,” Turkiye Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi (TUSAM),2 August, 2004.

See: M. Melkonian, “Osnovnye voprosy obespechenia voennoi bezopasnosti Armenii,” Ai zinvor, No. 7, 20-27 Feb-ruary, 1999.

See: “Askerlikte Zorunlu profesyonellik,” Aksiyon, 26 November, 2012.31 As early as 2013 deliveries of military helicopters of Turkish-Italian joint manufacture T129 ATAK will begin.

See: Akşam, 21 November, 2005.

See: “Savunma Sanayii Müsteşarlığı Stratejik Plan 2007-2011,” S. 35, available at [http://www.sp.gov.tr/documents/lanlar/SSMSP0711.pdf].

See: Ibid., S. 16.

See: “Savunma Sanayii Müsteşarlığı 2010 Faaliyet Raporu,” S. 71, available at [http://www.ssm.gov.tr/anasayfa/

urumsal/Faaliyet%20Raporlar/2010/files/ssm_2011.pdf]; “Türk Savunma Sanayii 2010 Yılı Performansı, Savunma Sanayii Gündemi,” Sayı 15, 2/2011, S. 65, available at [http://www.ssm.gov.tr/anasayfa/kurumsal/SSM%20Dergisi/SSM_15.pdf].

See: “Savunma Sanayii Müsteşarlığı 2011 Faaliyet Raporu,” S. 95, available at [http://www.ssm.gov.tr/anasayfa/

urumsal/Faaliyet%20Raporlar/2011%20Yılı%20Faaliyet%20Raporu.pdf].

See: “Aselsan Climbs Six Places in Largest Defense Companies Ranking,” 14 August, 2011, available at [http://

ww.todayszaman.com/news-253734-aselsan-climbs-six-places-in-largest-defense-companies-ranking.html].

See: “Aselsan podnialas v reitinge ‘100 krupneishikh oboronno-promyshlennykh kompanii mira,’” 10 July, 2010,

available at [http://www.trt.net.tr/trtworld/ru/newsDetail.aspx?HaberKodu=48b60098-5ccc-483b-8883-5e57aa76a847].

See official website of the Turkish Department of the Defense Industry, available at [http://www.ssm.gov.tr/

R/dokumantasyon/basinbulteni/Pages/20081121.aspx]; “Savunma Sanayii Müstaşarlığı Startejik Plan 2007-2011,” S. 16.

See: “Savunma Sanayii Müsteşarlığı 2010 Faaliyet Raporu,” S. 72.

See: “Savunma Sanayii Müsteşarlığı 2011 Faaliyet Raporu,” S. 96.

See: “Savunma sanayinde ihracat atağı,” Hürriyet, 20 January, 2013.

See: “Israel’s Defense Exports Reached $4.4B in 2006,” available at [http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com],11 January, 2007.

See: “Israel Arms Exports Increase in 2012,” available at [http://www.janes.com/products/janes/defence-security-report.aspx?id=1065975188], 16 January, 2013.

See: Star, 2 February, 2009.

See: See: SIPRI Yearbook 2006, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Oxford University Press, 2006.

See: “Savunmada ‘Made in Turkey’ damgası,” Sabah, 7 May, 2012.

See: Sabah, 26 March, 2012.

According to the data posted in May 2008 on the website of the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense, Turkey was a major supplier of arms to Georgia between 1997 and 2007 (see: “Voennaia pomoshch Gruzii so storony inostrannykh gosudarstv,” available at [http://www.mil.ru/files/table_15_05.doc]).

Downloads

Published

2013-04-30

Issue

Section

GEOPOLITICS AND SECURITY

How to Cite

OVSEPIAN, L. (2013). THE TURKISH ARMED FORCES DURING TRANSFORMATION AND MODERNIZATION: STRATEGIES AND TRENDS. CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS, 14(2), 38-46. https://ca-c.org/CAC/index.php/cac/article/view/1569

Plaudit

Similar Articles

11-20 of 779

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.