DEMOCRATIC STRUCTURALIZING IN UZBEKISTAN: THE MULTIPARTY SYSTEM AND THE OPPOSITION
Abstract
At all times, a multiparty system and opposition have been regarded and are still viewed as a sign of democracy. To a great extent, the importance and functions of the multiparty system depend on the specific features of the political order in any given country, its type of election system, and its model of governance, etc. The sum-total of the above speaks volumes about the systemic nature of the country’s politics.
In-depth studies of the issue reveal the nuances, specifics, and regularities of forming a multiparty system and opposition that frequently escape simplistic or one-track approach.
Any detailed investigation of the issue discloses new dilemmas and problems in the situational analysis of the Central Asian countries, especially in the East-West context. In this case, however, the Central Asian countries are placed in a specific Eastern context were building a new democratic society (complete with a multiparty system and opposition) has been struggling to surmount the “ontological” barriers that exist there.
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I use the words “democratic structuralizing” instead of the commonly used “democratic construction” to emphasize not so much the practical process of moving toward democracy as a political system but rather the process of building an adapted conception of democracy at the theoretical level.
See: Politologia. Entsiklopedichesky slovar, Publishers Publishing House, Moscow, 1993, p. 230.
See: J. La Palombara, M. Weiner, “Political Parties and Political Development,” in: The Origin and Development of Political Parties, Princeton, NJ, 1966, pp. 3-4.
A. Hadenius, “Party Development: Russia in a Comparative Perspective,” in: The Political Party System in Russia in the Period of Yeltsin Presidency, ed. by A. Hadenius, V. Sergeev, Letny Sad, Moscow, 2008, p. 6.
For more detail, see: R. Dahl, A Preface to Democratic Theory, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1984.
For more detail, see: L. Smorgunov, “Setevoy podkhod k politike i upravleniiu,” Polis, No. 3, 2001.
L. Smorgunov, op. cit.
Democracy’s Edges, ed. by I. Shapiro, C. Hacker-Gordón, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, p. 1.
See: I. Shapiro, “Pereosmyslivaia teoriu demokratii v svete sovremennoy politiki,” Polis, No. 3, 2001.
F. Engels, Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, Part IV, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1973.
See: A.B. Zubov, Parlamentskaia demokratia i politicheskaia traditsia Vostoka, Nauka Publishers, Moscow, 1990,p. 269.
See: Ibidem.
See: A.B. Zubov, op. cit., pp. 262-263.
Ibid., p. 287.
See: F. Tolipov, “Uzbekistan: Soviet Syndrome in the State, Society, and Ideology,” Central Asia and the Caucasus, No. 6 (54), 2008.
E.W. Merry, “The Politics of Central Asia: National in Form, Soviet in Content,” in: In the Tracks of Tamerlane:
entral Asia’s Path to the 21st Century, ed. by D. Burghart, T. Sabonis-Helf, National Defense University, Washington,D.C., 2004, p. 41.
A. Shomanov, “Problemy i perspektivy razvitia grazhdanskogo obshchestva v kontekste politicheskoy moderni-zatsii,” in: Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii: “Perspektivy politicheskikh reform v Respub-like Kazakhstan: obshchestvennye ozhidaniia i mezhdunarodnye standarty,” Central Asian Foundation for Democratic Development, Almaty, 2007, p. 47.
A. Chebotarev, “Partiynoe stroitelstvo v kontekste provedenia politicheskikh reform v Kazakhstane na sovremen-nom etape,” in: Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii “Perspektivy politicheskikh reform v Re-spublike Kazakhstan: obshchestvennye ozhidaniia i mezhdunarodnye standarty”, p. 26.
See: Doklad Prezidenta Islama Karimova na torzhestvennom zasedanii, posviashchennom 14-letiyu Konstitutsii Re-spubliki Uzbekistan, available at [www.uzreport.com].
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